Which type of actors are typically involved in Advanced Persistent Threats (APTs)?

Advanced Persistent Threats (APTs) are typically associated with state actors because these entities possess the resources, skills, and motivations to conduct sophisticated and long-term cyber operations. State actors often have access to advanced technology and intelligence capabilities that allow them to target specific sectors—such as government, military, and critical infrastructure—over prolonged periods. Their objectives usually include espionage, data exfiltration, and capability disruption, which require consistent and strategic planning that aligns with national interests.

While other types of actors, such as criminal organizations or corporate entities, may engage in cyber activities, their motivations and methods differ significantly from those of state actors. Criminal organizations primarily focus on financial gain, while violent extremist organizations typically aim to promote ideological goals rather than engage in sustained cyber warfare. Corporate entities may also involve themselves in cyber activities, often for competitive advantage or protection, but their operations are not aligned with the state objectives characteristic of APTs. Thus, state actors are the most likely participants in these persistent threat campaigns.