Which emerging concept is related to Cyber Physical Systems (CPS)?

The emerging concept closely related to Cyber Physical Systems (CPS) is the Internet of Things (IoT). CPS refers to systems where physical processes are monitored and controlled by computer-based algorithms, and the integration of these systems provides enhanced automation and data analysis capabilities. The IoT plays a crucial role in this integration by connecting various physical devices and sensors via the internet, enabling real-time data exchange and communication. Through IoT, the individual components of a CPS can work collaboratively, leading to improved efficiency, responsiveness, and functionality of the overall system.

In the context of CPS, IoT facilitates the collection and dissemination of data from various sensors and devices, allowing for better decision-making and automation in various industries, such as manufacturing, healthcare, transportation, and smart cities. This interconnectedness among devices is foundational to the effectiveness of Cyber Physical Systems, driving innovations in automation and control systems.

The other concepts, while important in their own right, do not have the same direct relationship to CPS as IoT does. Cloud computing supports the storage and processing of data collected from IoT devices, big data relates to the vast amounts of information generated by systems like CPS and IoT but does not specifically pertain to their operational integration, and machine learning can analyze