Which domains do Cyberspace Operations create effects in?

Cyberspace Operations create effects in both cyberspace and the physical domain. This is because activities conducted in cyberspace can have real-world implications and impacts on physical systems, infrastructure, and even human behavior. For example, a cyber operation targeting a critical infrastructure system can result in physical damage or disruption, whereas actions in cyberspace can influence activities and decisions in the physical domain.

Additionally, the concept of the cyber domain encompasses various aspects of information technology and electronic communication, which allows operations within this space to directly affect tangible entities and environments. Thus, recognizing the dual impact on both cyberspace and the physical domain emphasizes the interconnectedness of digital operations and their potential outcomes in the real world.