What term describes the process of monitoring and controlling physical processes through computer-based systems?

The term that describes the process of monitoring and controlling physical processes through computer-based systems is "Cyber Physical Systems." This concept integrates physical processes with computation and networking, allowing for interaction between the physical environment and digital systems. Cyber Physical Systems (CPS) encompass a broad range of applications, from smart grids and autonomous vehicles to robotics and smart buildings, where sensors and actuators in the physical world collect data and interact with software algorithms in the digital realm to make real-time decisions.

These systems rely on the seamless integration of hardware and software to perform tasks efficiently and dynamically, which enhances automation and improves performance across various industries. By designing systems that can sense their environment, process that information, and react accordingly, CPS plays a critical role in modern engineering and technology development, making it a suitable term for the described process.